What is next generation sequencing? Next generations sequencing

Elif Göksu Asal; Cezary Dawid Zieliński; Fahrünnisa Abanoz; Çiğdem Arabacı

doi:10.5281/zenodo.17944474

Authors

Elif Göksu Asal Istanbul University Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Istanbul, Turkey https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6821-5550
Cezary Dawid Zieliński Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń Ludwig Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Faculty of Medicine, Toruń, Poland https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5661-7546
Fahrünnisa Abanoz Istanbul Prof. Dr. Cemil Tascioglu City Hospital, Department of Microbiology, Istanbul, Turkey https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0481-5555
Çiğdem Arabacı University of Health Sciences, Istanbul Prof. Dr. Cemil Taşcıoğlu City Hospital, Department of Medical Microbiology, Istanbul, Turkey https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0050-3225

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17944474

Keywords:

Bioinformatics, genomic analysis, next generation sequencing, precision medicine

Abstract

Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) is a high-throughput technology that enables the rapid and efficient sequencing of millions of DNA fragments simultaneously. Unlike traditional sequencing methods such as Sanger sequencing, renowned for its accuracy and longer read lengths, NGS offers faster, more cost-effective sequencing capabilities by processing large volumes of genetic data in parallel. The standard NGS workflow includes isolation and fragmentation of genetic material, library preparation, amplification, and sequencing via chemical or fluorescent tagging, followed by comprehensive analysis using advanced bioinformatics tools. While Sanger sequencing remains preferred method for applications requiring high precision and long reads, the capacity of NGS to detect rare variants and analyse multiple gene regions simultaneously has made it indispensable in both research and clinical settings. NGS is currently widely implemented across clinical microbiology, food safety, metagenomics, forensic science, pharmacogenetics, and numerous other domains. As NGS technologies continue to advance, their scope of application is anticipated to expand further, making NGS an essential tool in modern genomic research and precision medicine.

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